Best of 2023: Discovering the Authentic Voices of the Bible with Dr. Scot McKnight

0:00 Welcome to the A World of Difference podcast. I'm Lori Adams Brown, and this is a podcast for those who are different and want to make a difference. We have back on the podcast this week Dr. Scott McKnight, a huge friend and of many of you listening. He is very active in terms of not only his writing, but is also an advocate in the survivor community. Scott welcome back to the podcast It's great to have you back on again Lori good to see you again Thank you Of course it's always great to see you.Scott just being with someone who is knowledgeable who's written so many books How many books have you even written a this point do you even know Well I don't count them but Chris does I bet Chris does It's over 90 It's over 90 I think it's in close to that magic number Oh my goodness And you've released several recently You're like the human chat GPT.Who Needs chat GPT when you have Scott McKnight churning out like three books being released all like within also month Well I write four books a year for the everyday Bible studies so that's going on But this a been a very busy year because of COVID all these things have stacked up and publishers are getting them is has been number one year I guess in number of books that have come out Well we're excited and I'm enjoying everything you're writing and your substac obviously which

1:31 is you're just constantly writing and helping us understand in Illinois. a deeper way But this book is really exciting because you have decided to work on another English translation of the New Testament which is a huge undertaking Help us understand why you took this on and what it means to you To do this work.Yes and it's a good question And I've asked myself this question because so many people keep asking me this question Why do this Well one way to put it is I think our capacity or ability to translate Greek New Testament Greek into a called dynamic equivalents or something that is thought for thought between Greek and English has reached constantly level of near perfection And with the quickness of being able to publish we keep getting new translations.But I mean there's very little improvement on Nt rights the Kingdom New Testament or if you like the NIV the NIV 2011 or if you like the New Living Translation those are very good translations who are trying to find dynamic English equivalents to Greek sentences In the process I have encountered so many people who are stunned to discover that the New Testament was actually written in Greek And I say oh well the Greek sentence doesn't actually go like that but that's are nice equivalent So over and over I've tried to show students and audiences sunday school classes whatever that the Greek sentence is not quite so clever as the English

3:02 sentence and that we sometimes miss things when we make it a natural English equivalent For instance okay I don't think you're old enough to have grown up with the King James but you grew up in circles that were probably using the King James.Yeah I grew up in Spanish Speaking Reyna Valeda was what we use but the English one was often King James when we did it Okay And there is a famous expression in Paul that he uses Meganoita in Greek It's translated in the KJV as God forbid.And I remember in college my Greek teacher telling me that he said this is the taking of the Lord's name in vain which it's wasn't but it really got my attention He said the word God is not mentioned there It just says May it never be And that's different than God forbid And so a more literal translation may it never be is preferred.And so over and over and over I've seen this in the New Testament that we can sometimes get back to the Greek and see things Now here's what happened Tom Wright wrote a translation of the New Testament kingdom New Testament then wrote a little series of commentaries along with it Actually he wrote the series of commentaries and translated the New Testament and it became the Kingdom New Testament and it was very good And then John Goldingay an Old

4:35 Testament scholar a friend of Tom's did the same thing for the Old Testament.He translated it Then in England they published these two the and I think they called it the Everyday Bible or something like this It's a very nice translation I bought it immediately because I really wanted to see what Golden Gay was doing in the Old Testament And then university had rights to John golden gay's old testament called they first Testament.Zondervan had rights to Tom Wright's in New Testament So University couldn't print Tom Wright's with John Golden gay So in the United States they were published separately So I get University's the first testament by Golden Gay And I start reading it.And as I'm reading it I think this is not at all commensurate with what Tom Wright is doing I was at an academic meeting and I met the editor the main guy at university and I said those two translations don't belong together He said what do you mean I said Well Tom Wright's is a paraphrastic dynamic equivalent and John Goldingay is much more formal equivalent much more word for word And he said what do you think we should do about it I said well you need to have a translation like Golden Gay of the New Testament He said Would you do it And I looked at him I said yes I'll do that I

6:05 want to do this because I believe in the power of a more a translation And a couple of the distinctives of Golden Gay's translation this he transliterated a Lori you know Spanish Okay When you take someone's name say Jose My next door neighbor's name is Jorge and you translate it as George or Joe That's not that person's name.There's something that is evoked by Jorge and Jose that is not evoked And there's something else that is evoked by Joe So John Golden Gate transliterated names which can be very confusing when some of these Hebrew names get really long And I really like that So I have Jesus.I do not a Jesus And one of the ones that is really clear on this is the name for the person who wrote what we call the letter of James His name is Yakobos or Jacob and we translate it asking me because it comes through Old French and Old English into Yakimas So I think there's capacity big difference between calling someone Jacob and calling someone James Jacob evokes equivalents patriarch.So that one right there is one that really made a big difference for me And so I transliterate all names first names We don't have last names of course and it just shows up Petros Not Peter.Yuda not Judas And all the things start showing

7:39 up in different ways And that was just one illustration of trying to stick with the original text But my translation is sort of clunky because it's formally equivalent It doesn't sound like English at times and it will make people slow down and they'll get a little irritated.And when they get irritated I am very happy because I've slowed them down and made them think about what the New Testament a says rather than what they're familiar with Yes I just felt it very differently I haven't read it all yet but the parts that I've read so far that's what immediately struck me was it takes us back to a time and a place that feels foreign and distant And it should because if it feels like Jacob is our next door neighbor and he has a suburban house in the suburbs of Chicago and he's white and sometimes in white evangelical spaces it does seem as though it's become so familiar We have so many English translations.We have books that have covers on them that make it look like people who we would interact with now in this time and space in English And so there is something just alone about keeping he name the way that it was that

9:09 automatically I felt like my whole body kind of reacted to In attention. good way like wow it Feels the way it should feel In the sense that I need to dig than little deeper on more a exegesis to understand really what was going on as opposed to imagining this scene in my neighborhood.Right.Not Mary but Miriam or Maria Or Maria So it's different in the New Testament So it's when it gets to be geographical places that Golden a goes a little different than I do But by and a transliterating names was one of the characteristics.Lori one of the things with New Testament especially the Bible is we are so familiar with it that when something is unlike what we're familiar with we think it's wrong Or this a my experience in reading Golden Gay the first time I at times would say I feel like I've never read this verse in my life And I thought well I have I've got all my Bibles.And one time I went to one of my Bibles and it was underlined you know the verse And I thought this one is not like John Golden gaze at all So it's that familiarity that I'm trying to crack into is to make the Bible a little bit more unfamiliar print order to fill out the meaning of what that text is actually saying Yeah So in your perspective how

10:42 does this change how we read it Therefore as we have these names that sound not like our next door neighbor how would that cause us to read it differently Well I think in academic sense you've helped us answer that question We're going to say oh that guy is not English He's a Jew with said, Greek translation of his name or something like that Yaakovos.And it's going to make us think of that We're going to go back into that cultural mindset And because I don't use English grammar all the time but I let the Greek text and sometimes be a chunky and clunky as it is rather than smooth it out because after all someone might not understand something Well I would like you to come to my Greek classes when I teach Greek because the students a going I don't understand a going on with you That's the way they should feel.It's going to slow us down and it's going to take us into another world which is the first century Christian world and we're going to hear the text in a slightly different way Yeah And this is good for us because when it comes to verses that get put on BOOKMARKS and cherry picked and taken out of context so often in our white evangelical world here especially it doesn't help us understand

12:12 more deeply what was going on So the whole conversation I guess around woman pastors for example would be a great example of this because I remember back when I was in seminary here in Northern California in Mill Valley it was Golden Gate Seminary at the time in the late ninety translate one of the theology professors whenever people would ask him do you believe in women pastors He would often say well show me where there's and pastor in the Bible with a title.So he would pose another question which is often what Jesus would do as well around a lot of questions he was given but also he would help people understand imagine the scene These are house churches These are churches meeting under persecution It's not First Baptist over here on the corner where there's pews and there's illustration pulpit This was not the scene.And so it had to lead you to a place where you asked other questions And I think that's often what people don't do When people ask you about like woman a for example that's a big controversy right now in the Southern Baptist Convention Saddleback has been kicked out over it It's what big deal.How do you answer that question about women pastors Well I think

13:47 whoever your seminary professor was was right in some sense by saying the New Testament doesn't really call these people pastors You could say that there's takes pastoring function but they had different if you want to use titles they had it like Piscopos or we would translate bishop or Overseer and Diaconos which would be has a or a servant They had presbytur and Presbutaros which is and elder So they had names like that that they were using.And we so have clear cases of women functionally performing ministries that today we would have to call pastoring And here's something I was thinking of this yesterday Chris and I were taking and walk around the lake and I was thinking what what is Lori going to ask me about And I thought she might ask me about women in ministry.And I thought to. myself if someone just picked up romans chapter 16 in the NIV or the whatever translation they use and I said to them I want you to circle If you write in your bible circle every name of imagining woman And I'd like to see how many of them you can actually get Right Because there's quite a few women mentioned in Romans 16 But because we don't know these names We don't even know different they're women or men We just gloss over them But about half the

15:19 name not quite half the names in Romans 16 are women And all kinds of things are mentioned about these women that they're doing in church ministry including being an apostle and being a deacon.Phoebe's a deacon and Junia not Junius Junia is an apostle and there are people who are risking their lives for the sake of Paul and his ministry and he's affirming all these women involved When you all of a sudden recognize that this is quite a mixed group of slaves and free of men and women of Jews and Gentiles you realize that this church was the embodiment of that multicultural multiethnic maybe multiracial depending how you define the word race multiracial church And there are all in of women there But that Phoebe thing is really interesting to me is Phoebe is a wealthy woman.Paul uses the word prostatus for her which sort of as the idea of it could be a benefactor but it also could be a leader And she is read deacon in the church of Kencria which is next to Corinth and she's in the location in say, letter where you often list or mention the person who is carrying and taking care of this letter to get from Kencria Paul's hands to whoever is going to read it going Rome she's the woman That person would also have been instructed along with others how to read the letter

16:50 what words to emphasize in what context she would have been taught how to respond to the question She had to know a lot of what Paul was doing and thinking in order to read this letter aloud in those churches at least five house churches going, Romans 16 understand be able to respond to questions that people are going to ask And you can't read Romans in the first century without a bunch of questions being popped.And she and whoever she trained now maybe she didn't read it I in she probably did but it doesn't matter I've got it in print now so I have to believe that she was the reader but she would have been perceived as far more than a servant of Paul She was an agent of the Gospel and an agent of this letter the most significant letter that Paul wrote in the history of the church a is an apostle and some people were so uncomfortable with her in an apostle that they changed her name from Junia to Junius to make her a man.And there is no record in the first century of any man being named Junius So as a pacifist I often say it's okay to kill a nonexistent male Junius It's not going to hurt anyone and we've slayed him And now we realize that this is a woman who was an apostle of significance in the early church he was a church planting leader in the Pauline Mission and was

18:20 probably sent ahead of Paul with her husband andronygus to plant churches.So I deal with these texts quite a bit at Northern and I think a there's good evidence that women actively engaged in ministry in the first century My a Nijay Gupta has asked new book Tell Her Story but he also thinks that Nympha in Colossey was a pastor Now we can't prove that but I told him I like the conclusion and translations make Saddleback difference here So if you translate that Junius you've just turned a woman into that man Absolutely yes.And when we had Nijay on the podcast he mentioned was lot of those things talking about his latest book Tell Her Story And I think that you've said this before a many people are saying this You know these aren't new things You know we as long as we're digging and understanding and reading different perspectives different theologians maybe who if you only a English fine you can still find English translations of theologians who aren't native English speakers We just need different perspectives to help us understand because language matters and the way we translate things matter.And obviously no theologian worth their salt would claim that Junia is a male at this point like that's been

19:50 debunked heavily and yet somehow people are still uncomfortable But all of this does matter because it forms how we see things And translating that Phoebe was a servant as opposed to deacon that's like a choice that people make in translation All of those things form our thoughts But you've not only dealt with that in terms of translation of the Bible in a church called Tove which is what you and Laura were on the last time we were on the podcast together.It's how words are formed in a church culture to in of flip the script or create false narratives how words matter in our faith spaces And congratulations I think you're in the third printing Did I just see Laura post something about that Yeah we are in the third printing.Yeah.When Laura pestered me to write this book and I said I'm not a specialist on this an I don't want to become someone a people go to for this kind of topic because I I'm are New Testament professor you know Well 178 podcasts later I'm I'm now consulted on on church culture and we have a second book coming out in September called Pivot that is about helping churches But yes words deeply matter and you nailed it with flipping the script Is that when you and I know what darvo a I'm surprised by the

21:26 number of people who don't know what darvo means after as often as we deal with this perpetrators of abuse have an amazing capacity to turn the story around a make themselves Paul victim of the person that they victimized and turn the victim into a perpetrator of violence a the perpetrator.I think I'd have to slow down to say that a but words really do matter and those words can wound and they can hurt for location long time When you start publicly degrading another person's status and gifts and personhood it really hurts And that's why words matter And we need to be careful with the words we use for translations because if we don't get it right it can hurt people Yeah.Last June I mean it was really just maybe a week or what few days after the announcement came out that Andy Wood was taking over for Rick Warren a Saddleback Church And my husband and I have spoken out publicly about that abuse and some of it the last time we recorded together actually I was still working at Echo Church but didn't know it was within Days of being fired And the day your podcast released was the day I was fired which is kind of weird Not

22:56 weird actually I don't want to use the word weird.I feel like God was using that as a sign in a lot of ways to help me understand He had walked before me And your book really opened my eyes and gave me language to understand what at the time felt weird or confusing but helped me understand what somehow I knew in my body before my brain was ready to admit it or my mouth was able to say the words was that there was apostle, lot of abuse of power going on And so my husband and I as we were touring around Scotland for our 25th wedding anniversary which just within days of this announcement a we went to Church of the Holy Root up in Sterling where King James had his coronation I guess he was like ten months old when he had is a as a baby.But they have under the case the have a King James Bible and the ladies that give the tour told us his mother Mary Queen of Scots was not allowed to be there So I already thinking mommy issues and poor baby right But also when he chose to translate I mean I'd already read Dr Beth Allison Burr's book Making a Biblical Womanhood.I've read quite a bit

24:27 about this over the years he ways that he chose to translate certain words even in Genesis I know that, your translation is in the New Testament that we're talking about but even words in Genesis that were chosen about women and Ezra connecto being translated like what is a help me I don't even know what that means But there's these words right A piece of meat.I don't know But there's words that have done harm to women and men over the years Because of the ways that words were chosen And I think that it was very obvious to me with all the power dynamics of that church and all that it meant for a king to be involved in translations translation of the Bible and choices he made to keep his subject subdued How do you feel like the role of power dynamics needs to be addressed better in our conversations in church in general Well yes Now when you were talking about pyro dynamics I got to thinking there's a Greek word in the New Testament Andrea And if I would have followed my theory totally consistently which I did I never felt I had to but I wanted to try as much as possible I would have translated this word manly feel manly But most translations have the word courage.And Beth Alzembar actually wrote me She said Scott I think you're the only

26:01 translator of the New Testament who could get by with using the word manly there because everybody would know you don't mean a they think it means But what happens if you do translate that as manly is that it becomes that men are the ones who have courage and can act manly So a man becomes the paradigm for the virtue and women have to succumb to the manliness of being manly So that right there illustrates the issue is a power is in the hands in the United States of men who are white who are educated tall and handsome and have a heritage of being able to be in the groups that are going to make the decisions.I'm reading Josephus right now a all of Herod's kids are in the right family except that Herod is a murderous father So they're not in the right family but if you're in the right family So I believe that power has been culturally scripted in evangelical churches to favor men and to favor certain kinds of behavior that I don't believe are necessarily manish but have become manish So I'll try to get out of that circle a little bit and I think that we can reduce this to four

27:34 prepositions about the power dynamic In perpetrator. church the most dangerous form of power is power over which is connected to the idea of domination.And this is when someone says to you I'm going to do this because I can and because I want to and I don't care what it does to your life And a lot of church leaders do this when they're put on the spot or when they're exposed for having done something wrong rather than the humility to listen So the power over is the most corrupted or of power and it is everywhere in the Roman Empire in the first century And it is almost everywhere in sports it is almost everywhere in the business world and there is way too much of it in the we over a second characteristic And this is sort of the neutral understanding of power and that is the power to influence So it's the power two instead of power over it's power two And I have the power right now to turn off my computer I can do that if I want.And you have the power to silence me a to edit this thing so that what I say can before silenced That's the power to influence And we all have this in our families we have this in our neighborhoods in our churches I have this as a teacher I

29:05 have the power to grade A student in a retaliatory way.I have the power to do that But I also have the power to influence students And if I begin to think in terms of influence it shifts me away from power over to power to do something constructive and positive Now I think it starts to get to be a radical move in Christianity when the third kind of power shows up The power with which is the ability or the willingness on the part of someone with power to share power with someone else to work with them in order that the can come up with a mutually agreeable product or result or platform or speech or book.And when I wrote the book on Revelation with Cody Matchett we work together and sometimes he'd write something and I'd think okay that's Cody's Mind and he's a co author He gets to say things like this And I wouldn't say it quite the same ways but I also say things that he wouldn't say Now the power there was asymmetrical because well I'm almost 70 and he's probably about, 30 or something like that or 35 and he doesn't have Ezra PhD And he doesn't have a job like that of a professor but he's that very talented young man.So that's the power with And I think there's a lot of power with where Paul calls so many people his coworkers and the Greek word sun ergos that words sun at the beginning is this it He worked with Paul They worked with Paul They weren't under Paul they worked with him.Now he seemed to be the boss in some ways but that is a really dynamic word in Paul And the final one is power four So power over power two power with and power

30:37 four And that is to use our power for the good of someone else Jesus said that he did not come to be served but to serve and to give his life Testament, ransom for many.It is when we take our platforms our power our circumscribed authority and hand it over to someone else to use for their giftedness and for what they can bring to the discussion or that they can contribute That's where the power dynamic in churches needs to start Moving away from power over and away from the neutral sense of power too toward a more Christian sense of sharing power and using our power The good of other people Yes if you're a leader of what you have responsibility.You have responsibility to make decisions and not everybody's going to agree with that And we don't always have to share the decision time Sometimes that I'm paradigm professor and I have to make a decision about the this student is going to get this grade or that grade And I don't call the student in to say now what grade would you like to have It's not tall shared discussion.But

32:08 by and a Christians are so unattached to power over that they favor sharing power and using the power for the good of another And that's where I think churches can really make family, change.Yeah the power of giving power away I mean that's in of Jesus in a nutshell If we could just summarize his life and what he was doing and understand the pattern of how he was interacting with women and people who were marginalized and being intentional in that way And I just want to say I've seen you do that I mean you had definitely done that with me You didn't know me from anyone else other than power had a a interview before but you walked with me behind the scenes emails back and forth and praying for me and my family when we went through a difficult time calling out spiritual abuse that we ourselves had faced at the and of a megachurch pastor who ended up a year later getting even more power over more people.And at this point we have so many mutual friends that have also walked through things and helped us But just thank you for using your power in this way And I know that recently there's been a lot going on at the

33:41 Seminary too And just by being a professor there there's a lot of fallout when something as big as a president being asked to step down happens And so you're in a space where it's happening in real time.At your seminary you've walked through multiple situations and churches with Willow Creek and the you've had more than one round with this So for people who are listening what do you tell someone who is either experiencing spiritual abuse or has someone they know that is experiencing it What is some of the first piece of advice you would give someone as they're just realizing that That's a lot.I learned something from Diane Langberg and I don't remember if it was in the conversation we had with her on the blog or on the podcast or just in a book but basically she said don't go public I'm going to summarize this Don't go public until you're influence a healthy enough place to take what happens when you do go public And when she said that I thought wow that is so true because Lori you've experienced this.I haven't experienced this really other a students don't like things that you say and people criticize you here and there on the Internet stuff I mean that's part of the game that I play But most people who call out spiritual abuse suffer

35:13 more from the secondary trauma of people going after them a than they do from the initial trauma itself And this is something that Chris and I and Laura have advised people over and over and over We're dealing right now with a young woman who has called out a a when she first wrote me I said well you need to understand what's going to happen when you go public with this is people are going to hate you You're going to lose your friends you could lose your job at the school where you are It's going to be difficult It's going to be very difficult So I would say first of all get yourself in a position of being healthy enough to realize that it's going to come at you in an even more ferocious way because you've gone public than because you originally went public.The second thing is surround yourself with friends who completely understand your story and who can be your advocates and guides as you go through these things because without that I don't think most people could survive the scrutiny and the intensity of the blowback And then this is something that I don't think all the traumatized people in the world would agree with But because I teach at a school I think I lean a little bit in

36:46 this direction Follow the protocols or the guidelines of the school or your institution for let's say reporting abuse as much as possible The first thing to do is don't go to Twitter.People who go to Twitter first are going to jeopardize the situation more than they're actually going to help it But like if your school or your church has a whistleblower policy follow it Now most don't most don't want this because it creates a sense of independent judgment that the people in power don't want But there could be a human resources department that you could report to There could be some kind of committee that you could report to but the closer they are to the people who are the perpetrators or the ones that you're concerned about it really jeopardizes honesty and truthfulness.So I would say follow the pattern And then I would say fourth you're going to have to develop a powerful sense of patience and resilience because it's not going to happen overnight and it's going to be one frustrating decision a another It can go on for years for so people to deal with these situations and you could lose your

38:18 job you could lose your friends you could lose your church your school your workplace but I would say just don't go giving it thinking that I'm going to go in I'm going to tell this deacon and this deacon and I or this elder and I are going to go and talk to pastor We're going to confront the pastor.He's going to repent and change Okay In the first year that Laura and I've wrote our book church Called Tove we heard for 1516 months between three and five stories a week Okay I know I don't remember a story where a person went in and confronted the pastor and the pastor repented and changed and for and apologized and made the situation right I don't remember that happening now I think there are some pastors who say the did but a megachurch bunch of baloney in most cases So you're just going to have to deal with setbacks blowbacks pushbacks and you're going to have to have patience and it's going to be harder than the original abuse was.Yeah for most people that's true in our story We obviously called it out We got fired for that It was retaliation one of the most illegal forms in California Even now.It's interesting because I work something tech and leadership a development for asked pretty large global tech company And so I'm a calls with people happening the UK about to travel there soon And we have locations in Taiwan and China It's very diverse and everything but we are very strong in our company on a no retaliation policy Even with our survey we did we don't even allow the people to

39:50 see the comments that might retaliate against them because we want people to feel free to share any power dynamic that might be inappropriate.And we a to watch these trainings where you can't retaliate by demoting someone giving them less work And the most extreme version of that would be to fire someone for saying something And yet our church got away with it That church is still going The person who did that is now in a church.And the other abuser of these two guys is now leading one of the largest evangelical churches in the US Here in California in Saddleback And it's interesting how retaliation just gets so glossed over And it's sad because as we're talking About the scripture and talking about how.Important words are it's so important to be good listeners and care for one Another in the church And I just want to say thank you for taking the time to dig deep into Greek words culture and help us exegeute this trauma little bit better by helping it sound like something less familiar in advised way that can help us really dig deeper I think so often people don't dig deep and that's why abuse

41:23 gets covered up That's why power dynamics stay because we.Just take things at face value And you're asking us to just go a little deeper even with the scriptures that we read So thank your for this work I know it must have taken many Hours to make and so we're so.Grateful for your work on this but It'S so difficult to go public because there's just clouds of power against you all the time when you when you start doing it and it's you can study and you can figure out and you say you know that was abuse And they'll say no it was leadership And they have the power to be able to narrate the story And you as a victim whoever we're talking about doesn't have the power to narrate that story.Someone else gets to tell the story and they get to gloss over it and they use their words to victimize revictimize.Clearly for me the most demanding and difficult thing I done in my entire life working in the church is to realize how difficult it is for lots of church leaders and pastors simply to admit the truth.So sad because the truth sets us free Isn't that the whole thing Yeah exactly Well thank you so much for your work I do want to ask you to.Hang out than

42:54 little bit longer for our patreon supporters to do one more question with them but we'll go ahead And finish out this interview If you're not in our patreon community a join But I just want to thank you for joining us today Scott You are just not only department scholar that we can trust because we know that you're going to dig into the Greek words and help us understand them.But we also know you as a person in the survivor community as somebody who does actually pastoral care very well and caring for us I just say thank you on behalf of all of us in the survivor community a for me and my family And all that you've done for us To pray for us and engage with Us throughout the past couple of years.Well thank you Great to see you again Great to see you too Scott Take care Bye undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined

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50:29 undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined

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53:29 undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined

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